ἐπάρχω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on, upon; over”) +‎ ᾰ̓́ρχω (árkhō, “to begin; lead, rule, command”).

Pronunciation
 

Verb

ἐπάρχω • (epárkhō) first-singular present indicative

  1. (transitive) to govern, lead, rule over [+genitive]
  2. (intransitive) to be ruler, commander, governor of a province
    1. (Koine, Byzantine, historical) to be eparch of an eparchy in the Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire (akin to prefect of a prefecture in the Latin-speaking Western Roman Empire)
  3. (idiomatic) to rule besides or in addition to one's hereditary dominions
  4. (middle voice) to serve, offer [+dative]
    1. (Epic) to pour the first drops before a libation
      ἐπάρξασθαι δεπάεσσιν ― epárxasthai depáessin ― to begin pouring into the cups
    Synonym: κατάρχω (katárkhō)

Inflection
   Present: ἐπᾰ́ρχω, ἐπᾰ́ρχομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπᾰ́ρχω ἐπᾰ́ρχεις ἐπᾰ́ρχει ἐπᾰ́ρχετον ἐπᾰ́ρχετον ἐπᾰ́ρχομεν ἐπᾰ́ρχετε ἐπᾰ́ρχουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐπᾰ́ρχω ἐπᾰ́ρχῃς ἐπᾰ́ρχῃ ἐπᾰ́ρχητον ἐπᾰ́ρχητον ἐπᾰ́ρχωμεν ἐπᾰ́ρχητε ἐπᾰ́ρχωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπᾰ́ρχοιμῐ ἐπᾰ́ρχοις ἐπᾰ́ρχοι ἐπᾰ́ρχοιτον ἐπᾰρχοίτην ἐπᾰ́ρχοιμεν ἐπᾰ́ρχοιτε ἐπᾰ́ρχοιεν
imperative   ἔπᾰρχε ἐπᾰρχέτω ἐπᾰ́ρχετον ἐπᾰρχέτων   ἐπᾰ́ρχετε ἐπᾰρχόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐπᾰ́ρχομαι ἐπᾰ́ρχῃ,
ἐπᾰ́ρχει		 ἐπᾰ́ρχεται ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον ἐπᾰρχόμεθᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθε ἐπᾰ́ρχονται
subjunctive ἐπᾰ́ρχωμαι ἐπᾰ́ρχῃ ἐπᾰ́ρχηται ἐπᾰ́ρχησθον ἐπᾰ́ρχησθον ἐπᾰρχώμεθᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρχησθε ἐπᾰ́ρχωνται
optative ἐπᾰρχοίμην ἐπᾰ́ρχοιο ἐπᾰ́ρχοιτο ἐπᾰ́ρχοισθον ἐπᾰρχοίσθην ἐπᾰρχοίμεθᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρχοισθε ἐπᾰ́ρχοιντο
imperative   ἐπᾰ́ρχου ἐπᾰρχέσθω ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον ἐπᾰρχέσθων   ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθε ἐπᾰρχέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐπᾰ́ρχειν ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθαι
participle m ἐπᾰ́ρχων ἐπᾰρχόμενος
f ἐπᾰ́ρχουσᾰ ἐπᾰρχομένη
n ἐπᾰ́ρχον ἐπᾰρχόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔπηρχον, ἐπηρχόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔπηρχον ἔπηρχες ἔπηρχε(ν) ἐπήρχετον ἐπηρχέτην ἐπήρχομεν ἐπήρχετε ἔπηρχον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐπηρχόμην ἐπήρχου ἐπήρχετο ἐπήρχεσθον ἐπηρχέσθην ἐπηρχόμεθᾰ ἐπήρχεσθε ἐπήρχοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔπᾰρχον, ἐπᾰρχόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔπᾰρχον ἔπᾰρχες ἔπᾰρχε(ν) ἐπᾰ́ρχετον ἐπᾰρχέτην ἐπᾰ́ρχομεν ἐπᾰ́ρχετε ἔπᾰρχον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐπᾰρχόμην ἐπᾰ́ρχου ἐπᾰ́ρχετο ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον ἐπᾰρχέσθην ἐπᾰρχόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθε ἐπᾰ́ρχοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐπᾰ́ρξω, ἐπᾰ́ρξομαι, ἐπᾰρχθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπᾰ́ρξω ἐπᾰ́ρξεις ἐπᾰ́ρξει ἐπᾰ́ρξετον ἐπᾰ́ρξετον ἐπᾰ́ρξομεν ἐπᾰ́ρξετε ἐπᾰ́ρξουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπᾰ́ρξοιμῐ ἐπᾰ́ρξοις ἐπᾰ́ρξοι ἐπᾰ́ρξοιτον ἐπᾰρξοίτην ἐπᾰ́ρξοιμεν ἐπᾰ́ρξοιτε ἐπᾰ́ρξοιεν
middle indicative ἐπᾰ́ρξομαι ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ,
ἐπᾰ́ρξει		 ἐπᾰ́ρξεται ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθον ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθον ἐπᾰρξόμεθᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθε ἐπᾰ́ρξονται
optative ἐπᾰρξοίμην ἐπᾰ́ρξοιο ἐπᾰ́ρξοιτο ἐπᾰ́ρξοισθον ἐπᾰρξοίσθην ἐπᾰρξοίμεθᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρξοισθε ἐπᾰ́ρξοιντο
passive indicative ἐπᾰρχθήσομαι ἐπᾰρχθήσῃ ἐπᾰρχθήσεται ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθον ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθον ἐπᾰρχθησόμεθᾰ ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθε ἐπᾰρχθήσονται
optative ἐπᾰρχθησοίμην ἐπᾰρχθήσοιο ἐπᾰρχθήσοιτο ἐπᾰρχθήσοισθον ἐπᾰρχθησοίσθην ἐπᾰρχθησοίμεθᾰ ἐπᾰρχθήσοισθε ἐπᾰρχθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive ἐπᾰ́ρξειν ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθαι ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθαι
participle m ἐπᾰ́ρξων ἐπᾰρξόμενος ἐπᾰρχθησόμενος
f ἐπᾰ́ρξουσᾰ ἐπᾰρξομένη ἐπᾰρχθησομένη
n ἐπᾰ́ρξον ἐπᾰρξόμενον ἐπᾰρχθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔπηρξᾰ, ἐπηρξᾰ́μην, ἐπήρχθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔπηρξᾰ ἔπηρξᾰς ἔπηρξε(ν) ἐπήρξᾰτον ἐπηρξᾰ́την ἐπήρξᾰμεν ἐπήρξᾰτε ἔπηρξᾰν
subjunctive ἐπᾰ́ρξω ἐπᾰ́ρξῃς ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ ἐπᾰ́ρξητον ἐπᾰ́ρξητον ἐπᾰ́ρξωμεν ἐπᾰ́ρξητε ἐπᾰ́ρξωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπᾰ́ρξαιμῐ ἐπᾰ́ρξειᾰς,
ἐπᾰ́ρξαις		 ἐπᾰ́ρξειε(ν),
ἐπᾰ́ρξαι		 ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτον ἐπᾰρξαίτην ἐπᾰ́ρξαιμεν ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτε ἐπᾰ́ρξειᾰν,
ἐπᾰ́ρξαιεν
imperative   ἔπᾰρξον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́τω ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́των   ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτε ἐπᾰρξᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐπηρξᾰ́μην ἐπήρξω ἐπήρξᾰτο ἐπήρξᾰσθον ἐπηρξᾰ́σθην ἐπηρξᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐπήρξᾰσθε ἐπήρξᾰντο
subjunctive ἐπᾰ́ρξωμαι ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ ἐπᾰ́ρξηται ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον ἐπᾰρξώμεθᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρξησθε ἐπᾰ́ρξωνται
optative ἐπᾰρξαίμην ἐπᾰ́ρξαιο ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτο ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθον ἐπᾰρξαίσθην ἐπᾰρξαίμεθᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθε ἐπᾰ́ρξαιντο
imperative   ἔπᾰρξαι ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθω ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων   ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθε ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐπήρχθην ἐπήρχθης ἐπήρχθη ἐπήρχθητον ἐπηρχθήτην ἐπήρχθημεν ἐπήρχθητε ἐπήρχθησᾰν
subjunctive ἐπᾰρχθῶ ἐπᾰρχθῇς ἐπᾰρχθῇ ἐπᾰρχθῆτον ἐπᾰρχθῆτον ἐπᾰρχθῶμεν ἐπᾰρχθῆτε ἐπᾰρχθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπᾰρχθείην ἐπᾰρχθείης ἐπᾰρχθείη ἐπᾰρχθεῖτον,
ἐπᾰρχθείητον		 ἐπᾰρχθείτην,
ἐπᾰρχθειήτην		 ἐπᾰρχθεῖμεν,
ἐπᾰρχθείημεν		 ἐπᾰρχθεῖτε,
ἐπᾰρχθείητε		 ἐπᾰρχθεῖεν,
ἐπᾰρχθείησᾰν
imperative   ἐπᾰ́ρχθητῐ ἐπᾰρχθήτω ἐπᾰ́ρχθητον ἐπᾰρχθήτων   ἐπᾰ́ρχθητε ἐπᾰρχθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ἐπᾰ́ρξαι ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθαι ἐπᾰρχθῆναι
participle m ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱς ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενος ἐπᾰρχθείς
f ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱσᾰ ἐπᾰρξᾰμένη ἐπᾰρχθεῖσᾰ
n ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰν ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενον ἐπᾰρχθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔπᾰρξᾰ, ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μην, ἐπᾰ́ρχθην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔπᾰρξᾰ ἔπᾰρξᾰς ἔπᾰρξε(ν) ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́την ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰμεν ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτε ἔπᾰρξᾰν
subjunctive ἐπᾰ́ρξω,
ἐπᾰ́ρξωμῐ		 ἐπᾰ́ρξῃς,
ἐπᾰ́ρξῃσθᾰ		 ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ,
ἐπᾰ́ρξῃσῐ		 ἐπᾰ́ρξητον ἐπᾰ́ρξητον ἐπᾰ́ρξωμεν ἐπᾰ́ρξητε ἐπᾰ́ρξωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπᾰ́ρξαιμῐ ἐπᾰ́ρξαις,
ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθᾰ,
ἐπᾰ́ρξειᾰς		 ἐπᾰ́ρξειε(ν),
ἐπᾰ́ρξαι		 ἐπᾰρξεῖτον ἐπᾰρξείτην ἐπᾰρξεῖμεν ἐπᾰρξεῖτε ἐπᾰρξεῖεν
imperative   ἔπᾰρξον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́τω ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́των   ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτε ἐπᾰρξᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μην ἐπᾰ́ρξω ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτο ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθην ἐπᾰρξᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθε ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰντο
subjunctive ἐπᾰ́ρξωμαι,
ἐπᾰρξώμαιμῐ		 ἐπᾰ́ρξηαι,
ἐπᾰ́ρξηαι		 ἐπᾰ́ρξηται,
ἐπᾰρξήταισῐ		 ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον ἐπᾰρξώμε(σ)θᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρξησθε ἐπᾰ́ρξωνται
optative ἐπᾰρξαίμην ἐπᾰ́ρξαιο ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτο ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθον ἐπᾰρξαίσθην ἐπᾰρξαίμε(σ)θᾰ ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθε ἐπᾰρξαίᾰτο
imperative   ἔπᾰρξαι ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθω ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθον ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων   ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθε ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐπᾰ́ρχθην ἐπᾰ́ρχθης ἐπᾰ́ρχθη ἐπᾰ́ρχθητον ἐπᾰρχθήτην ἐπᾰ́ρχθημεν ἐπᾰ́ρχθητε ἐπᾰ́ρχθησᾰν,
ἔπᾰρχθεν
subjunctive ἐπᾰρχθῶ,
ἐπᾰρχθῶμῐ		 ἐπᾰρχθῇς,
ἐπᾰρχθῇσθᾰ		 ἐπᾰρχθῇ,
ἐπᾰρχθῇσῐ		 ἐπᾰρχθῆτον ἐπᾰρχθῆτον ἐπᾰρχθῶμεν ἐπᾰρχθῆτε ἐπᾰρχθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπᾰρχθείην ἐπᾰρχθείης ἐπᾰρχθείη ἐπᾰρχθεῖτον,
ἐπᾰρχθείητον		 ἐπᾰρχθείτην,
ἐπᾰρχθειήτην		 ἐπᾰρχθεῖμεν,
ἐπᾰρχθείημεν		 ἐπᾰρχθεῖτε,
ἐπᾰρχθείητε		 ἐπᾰ́ρχθειεν,
ἐπᾰρχθείησᾰν
imperative   ἐπᾰ́ρχθητῐ ἐπᾰρχθήτω ἐπᾰ́ρχθητον ἐπᾰρχθήτων   ἐπᾰ́ρχθητε ἐπᾰρχθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ἐπᾰ́ρξαι/ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μεν/ἐπᾰρξᾰμέναι ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθαι ἐπᾰρχθῆναι/ἐπᾰρχθήμεναι
participle m ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱς ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενος ἐπᾰρχθείς
f ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱσᾰ ἐπᾰρξᾰμένη ἐπᾰρχθεῖσᾰ
n ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰν ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενον ἐπᾰρχθέν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔπηρχᾰ, ἔπηργμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔπηρχᾰ ἔπηρχᾰς ἔπηρχε(ν) ἐπήρχᾰτον ἐπήρχᾰτον ἐπήρχᾰμεν ἐπήρχᾰτε ἐπήρχᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐπήρχω ἐπήρχῃς ἐπήρχῃ ἐπήρχητον ἐπήρχητον ἐπήρχωμεν ἐπήρχητε ἐπήρχωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπήρχοιμῐ,
ἐπηρχοίην		 ἐπήρχοις,
ἐπηρχοίης		 ἐπήρχοι,
ἐπηρχοίη		 ἐπήρχοιτον ἐπηρχοίτην ἐπήρχοιμεν ἐπήρχοιτε ἐπήρχοιεν
imperative   ἔπηρχε ἐπηρχέτω ἐπήρχετον ἐπηρχέτων   ἐπήρχετε ἐπηρχόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἔπηργμαι ἔπηρξαι ἔπηρκται ἔπηρχθον ἔπηρχθον ἐπήργμεθᾰ ἔπηρχθε ἐπήρχᾰται
subjunctive ἐπηργμένος ὦ ἐπηργμένος ᾖς ἐπηργμένος ᾖ ἐπηργμένω ἦτον ἐπηργμένω ἦτον ἐπηργμένοι ὦμεν ἐπηργμένοι ἦτε ἐπηργμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπηργμένος εἴην ἐπηργμένος εἴης ἐπηργμένος εἴη ἐπηργμένω εἴητον/εἶτον ἐπηργμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην ἐπηργμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν ἐπηργμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε ἐπηργμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   ἔπηρξο ἐπήρχθω ἔπηρχθον ἐπήρχθων   ἔπηρχθε ἐπήρχθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐπηρχέναι ἐπῆρχθαι
participle m ἐπηρχώς ἐπηργμένος
f ἐπηρχυῖᾰ ἐπηργμένη
n ἐπηρχός ἐπηργμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms
  • ἐπαρχεία (eparkheía)
  • ἐπαρχεῖον (eparkheîon)
  • ἐπαρχέω (eparkhéō)
  • ἐπαρχή (eparkhḗ)
  • ἐπαρχία (eparkhía)
  • ἐπαρχικός (eparkhikós)
  • ἐπαρχιώτης (eparkhiṓtēs)
  • ἔπαρχος (éparkhos)
  • ἐπαρχότης (eparkhótēs)
  • ἐπάρχων (epárkhōn)

Further reading
  • “ἐπάρχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἐπάρχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ἐπάρχω - Kriaras, Emmanuel (vol.1 1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. I–XIV] (in Greek) Online edition (22 vols. printed edition)
  • ἐπάρχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
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