ç

Evolution of Visigothic ⟨ꝣ⟩ to modern ⟨ç⟩.

From ⟨ꝣ⟩, the Visigothic form of the letter z, which resembled a C with a subscript z.

• (IPA symbol):

  (file)

ç

1. (IPA) a voiceless palatal fricative.

   (superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩) [ç]-fricated release of a plosive, sometimes implying an affricate (e.g. ⟨cᶜ̧⟩ for [c͡ç]); [ç]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ç].

A superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩ needs to be composed with a cedilla diacritic: U+1D9C ⟨ᶜ⟩ + U+0327 ⟨◌̧⟩.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

ç (uppercase Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /tʃe/

ç lower case (upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• IPA^(key): (Southern) /s̻e au̯t͡s̺i/, [s̻e̞ au̯.t͡s̺i]
• IPA^(key): (Northern) /s̻e hau̯t͡s̺i/, [s̻e̞ ɦau̯.t͡s̺i]

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. The letter C with a cedilla, called ze hautsi.

• Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
• It is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of c.

• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈse tɾəŋˈka.ðə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈse tɾeŋˈka.ða]

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. c cedilla (the ce trencada, the letter c with a cedilla, used to represent /s/ before a, o or u; it is not considered a separate letter)

• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. "c cédille", the letter c with a cedilla

Ç is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of C. It is used where a ⟨c⟩ pronounced /s/ occurs before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ (due to etymology or inflection). Examples: (inflection) commencer (“to begin”, infinitive), commençons (“we begin”, first-person plural indicative present).

ç

1. (dated) the voiceless palatal click consonant, and the base of multigraphs for the other palatal clicks; now replaced with ⟨ǂ⟩.

• tc

• IPA^(key): /ᵏǂ/)

ç (upper case Ç)

1. (dated) A letter of the Naro alphabet, written in the Latin script.

C + Old Galician-Portuguese Ꝣ (“Visigothic z”).

• IPA^(key): /s/

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. "c cedilha" (the letter c with a cedilla)

Ç is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of C. It is used where a <c> pronounced /s/ occurs before <a>, <o> or <u> (due to etymology or inflection). Examples: (Inflection) merecer ("to deserve", infinitive), mereça (imperative). (Etymology) maça from Latin mattia, massa from Latin massa (both /ˈmasa/). Never occurs word-initially.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɽ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɽiː/

ç (upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Rohingya alphabet, called çii and written in the Latin script.

• 𐴍
• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• IPA^(key): (after n) /t͡s/, (after all other letters) /s/

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. (International Standard) Used to represent -ça.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value). Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “-ç-”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 15

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. (obsolete) c with cedilla

• Now replaced by the letter z.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /t͡ʃeː/

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

ç (upper case Ç)

1. The third letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)