मण्डल

Pali

Alternative forms

maṇḍala (Latin script)
𑀫𑀡𑁆𑀟𑀮 (Brahmi script)
মণ্ডল (Bengali script)
මණ‍්ඩල (Sinhalese script)
မဏ္ဍလ or မꧣ္ꩨလ or မꧣ်ꩨလ (Burmese script)
มณฺฑล or มัณฑะละ (Thai script)
ᨾᨱ᩠ᨯᩃ (Tai Tham script)
ມຓ຺ຑລ or ມັຓຑະລະ (Lao script)
មណ្ឌល (Khmer script)
𑄟𑄕𑄴𑄓𑄣 (Chakma script)

Noun

मण्डल n

circle
disc
round platform
circus ring
round flat surface

Declension

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (Balinese script)
মণ্ডল (Assamese script)
মণ্ডল (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰜𑰿𑰚𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀡𑁆𑀟𑀮 (Brahmi script)
𑌮𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌲 (Grantha script)
મણ્ડલ (Gujarati script)
ਮਣੑਡਲ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦩꦟ꧀ꦝꦭ (Javanese script)
មណ្ឌល (Khmer script)
ಮಣ್ಡಲ (Kannada script)
ມຓ຺ຑລ (Lao script)
മണ്ഡല (Malayalam script)
𑘦𑘜𑘿𑘚𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᢏᢎᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᠮᠠᢏᡷᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
မဏ္ဍလ (Burmese script)
𑧆𑦼𑧠𑦺𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐞𑑂𑐜𑐮 (Newa script)
ମଣ୍ଡଲ (Odia script)
ꢪꢠ꣄ꢞꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆟𑇀𑆝𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖜𑖿𑖚𑖩 (Siddham script)
මණ‍්ඩල (Sinhalese script)
மண்ட³ல (Tamil script)
మణ్డల (Telugu script)
มณฺฑล (Thai script)
མ་ཎྜ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒝𑓂𑒛𑒪 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

Probably a borrowing from a substrate language. Less likely, from a Proto-Indo-European *melnd-, *mernd- (“to turn”). Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी, "mōḍḍhārī" "triangle", for the "triangle" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɐɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

मण्डल • (maṇḍala) stem

circular, round

Declension

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Feminine ā-stem declension of मण्डला (maṇḍalā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मण्डला maṇḍalā	मण्डले maṇḍale	मण्डलाः maṇḍalāḥ
Vocative	मण्डले maṇḍale	मण्डले maṇḍale	मण्डलाः maṇḍalāḥ
Accusative	मण्डलाम् maṇḍalām	मण्डले maṇḍale	मण्डलाः maṇḍalāḥ
Instrumental	मण्डलया / मण्डला¹ maṇḍalayā / maṇḍalā¹	मण्डलाभ्याम् maṇḍalābhyām	मण्डलाभिः maṇḍalābhiḥ
Dative	मण्डलायै maṇḍalāyai	मण्डलाभ्याम् maṇḍalābhyām	मण्डलाभ्यः maṇḍalābhyaḥ
Ablative	मण्डलायाः maṇḍalāyāḥ	मण्डलाभ्याम् maṇḍalābhyām	मण्डलाभ्यः maṇḍalābhyaḥ
Genitive	मण्डलायाः maṇḍalāyāḥ	मण्डलयोः maṇḍalayoḥ	मण्डलानाम् maṇḍalānām
Locative	मण्डलायाम् maṇḍalāyām	मण्डलयोः maṇḍalayoḥ	मण्डलासु maṇḍalāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

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Noun

मण्डल • (maṇḍala) stem, n

(rarely m) disk (especially of the sun or moon)
anything round (but in Hemādri's Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi also applied to anything triangular; compare मण्डलक (maṇḍalaka))
circle (in instrumental: “in a circle”; also “the charmed circle of a conjuror”), globe, orb, ring, circumference, ball, wheel
the path or orbit of a heavenly body
a halo round the sun or moon
a ball used for playing
(surgery) circular bandage
(also in plural) a sort of cutaneous eruption or leprosy with circular spot
round mole or mark (caused by a finger-nail etc.) on the body
circular array of troops
a particular attitude in shooting
district, arrondissement, territory, province, country (often at the end of modern names e.g. Coro-mandal coast)
a surrounding district or neighbouring state, the circle of a king's near and distant neighbours (with whom he must maintain political and diplomatic relations ; 4 or 6 or 10 or even 12 such neighbouring princes are enumerated)
a multitude, group, band, collection, whole body, society, company
mandala (division of the book of the Rigveda)
unguis odoratus, onycha
a particular oblation or sacrifice

Declension

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Derived terms

मण्डलिन् (maṇḍalin, “chief, leader”, literally “possessor of the territory”) (compounded with -इन् (-in, possessive suffix))
- Pali: maṇḍalin
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮𑀺 (maṃḍali)
  - Bengali: মোড়ল (mōṛol, “chief of a village”)

Descendants

Pali: maṇḍala
Dardic:
- Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau
- Kashmiri: manḍul (“circle”)
  Devanagari script: मन्डुल
  
  Arabic script: مانڈل‎
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀀𑀟𑀮 (mam̐ḍala), 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮𑀻 (maṃḍalī)
- Central:
  - Shauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindustani: mãḍal, mãḍlī
      Hindi: मंडल, मंडली
      
      Urdu: مَںڈَل‎, مَںڈلِی‎
    - Old Gujarati: मांदलिइं (māṃdaliiṃ)
    - Romani: mandal (“village”)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: মাৰল (marol)
    - Odia: ମଣ୍ଡଳ (môṇḍôḷô), ମୁଣ୍ଡୁଳା (muṇḍuḷa), ମୁଣ୍ଡୁଳୀ (muṇḍuḷi)
    - Bihari:
      - Maithili: maṛᵃrā, mā̃ṛᵊrɨ, maṛro
        Devanagari script: मड़रा, माँड़रि, मड़्रो
        
        Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒛𑓃𑒩𑒰, 𑒧𑒰𑒿𑒛𑓃𑒩, 𑒧𑒛𑓃𑓂𑒩𑒽
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Nepali: मडेउलि (maḍeuli)
- Southern:
  - Elu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: މަޑުލު‎ (maḍulu), މަޑުލަ‎ (maḍula)
    - Sinhalese: මඩුල්ල (maḍulla), මැඩිල්ල (mæḍilla)
  - Maharashtra Prakrit:
    - Marathi: mãḍaḷ, mā̃ḍaḷ
      Devanagari script: मंडळ (maṇḍaḷ), मांडळ (māṇḍaḷ)
      
      Modi script: 𑘦𑘽𑘚𑘯 (maṇḍaḷ), 𑘦𑘰𑘽𑘚𑘯 (māṇḍaḷ)
- Western:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Punjabi: maṇḍal (“circle, orb”), maṇḍlī (“assembly”)
      Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਡਲ, ਮੰਡਲੀ
      
      Shahmukhi script: مَݨڈَل‎, مَݨڈلِی‎
      - Lahnda: منلا‎ (mannlā, “lid of a churn”)
→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol)
→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal)
→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal)
→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam)
→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)

Noun

मण्डल • (maṇḍala) stem, m

dog
a kind of snake
Tinospora cordifolia (syns. Chasmanthera cordifolia, Cocculus cordifolius)

Declension

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References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mandala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 559
Monier Williams (1899), “मण्डल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0775.

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