ताल

Hindi

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /t̪ɑːl/, [t̪äːl]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit ताल (tāla).

Noun

ताल • (tāl) m (Urdu spelling تال‎)

  1. (music) rhythm, beat, tune
  2. palm tree
    Synonym: ताड़ (tāṛ)
  3. the palm of the hand
    Synonym: हथेली (hathelī)
  4. the clapping of palms
    Synonym: ताली (tālī)
  5. (wrestling) slapping the hands on the arms in defiance
Declension
Declension of ताल (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct ताल
tāl		 ताल
tāl
oblique ताल
tāl		 तालों
tālõ
vocative ताल
tāl		 तालो
tālo
Descendants
  • → Pashto: تال‎ (“beating time in music by striking or slapping the fingers or hands together”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit तलक (talaka).

Noun

ताल • (tāl) m (Urdu spelling تال‎)

  1. pond, puddle
Declension
Declension of ताल (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct ताल
tāl		 ताल
tāl
oblique ताल
tāl		 तालों
tālõ
vocative ताल
tāl		 तालो
tālo

References
  • Platts, John T. (1884), “ताल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Nepali

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [t̪äl]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: ताल्

Noun

ताल • (tāl)

  1. lake
  2. (music) rhythm, beat, tune

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • tāla (Latin script)
  • 𑀢𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
  • তাল (Bengali script)
  • තාල (Sinhalese script)
  • တာလ or တႃလ (Burmese script)
  • ตาล or ตาละ (Thai script)
  • ᨲᩣᩃ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຕາລ or ຕາລະ (Lao script)
  • តាល (Khmer script)
  • 𑄖𑄂𑄣 (Chakma script)

Noun

ताल m

  1. Devanagari script form of tāla (“palmyra palm”)

Declension
Declension table of "ताल" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)तालो (tālo)ताला (tālā)
Accusative (second)तालं (tālaṃ)ताले (tāle)
Instrumental (third)तालेन (tālena)तालेहि (tālehi) or तालेभि (tālebhi)
Dative (fourth)तालस्स (tālassa) or तालाय (tālāya) or तालत्थं (tālatthaṃ)तालानं (tālānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)तालस्मा (tālasmā) or तालम्हा (tālamhā) or ताला (tālā)तालेहि (tālehi) or तालेभि (tālebhi)
Genitive (sixth)तालस्स (tālassa)तालानं (tālānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)तालस्मिं (tālasmiṃ) or तालम्हि (tālamhi) or ताले (tāle)तालेसु (tālesu)
Vocative (calling)ताल (tāla)ताला (tālā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ᬢᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
  • তাল (Assamese script)
  • তাল (Bengali script)
  • 𑰝𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀢𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
  • 𑌤𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
  • તાલ (Gujarati script)
  • ਤਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
  • ꦠꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
  • តាល (Khmer script)
  • ತಾಲ (Kannada script)
  • ຕາລ (Lao script)
  • താല (Malayalam script)
  • 𑘝𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
  • ᢐᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • ᢠᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
  • တာလ (Burmese script)
  • 𑦽𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐟𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
  • ତାଲ (Odia script)
  • ꢡꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆠𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖝𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
  • තාල (Sinhalese script)
  • தால (Tamil script)
  • తాల (Telugu script)
  • ตาล (Thai script)
  • ཏཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒞𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dravidian; ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *tāẓ. Compare Kannada ತಾಳೆ (tāḷe, “palmyra or toddy palm”), Telugu తాటి (tāṭi, “of or pertaining to the palmyra tree”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

  1. the palm tree, palmyra tree, or fan palm (Borassus flabelliformis, producing a sort of spirituous liquor)
  2. the nut of fan palm
  3. toddy
  4. a fragrant earth
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालः
tālaḥ		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 तालौ
tālau		 तालान्
tālān
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Adjective

ताल • (tāla) stem

  1. made of palmyra wood
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालः
tālaḥ		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 तालौ
tālau		 तालान्
tālān
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ī-stem declension of ताली (tālī)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ताली
tālī		 ताल्यौ / ताली¹
tālyau / tālī¹		 ताल्यः / तालीः¹
tālyaḥ / tālīḥ¹
Vocative तालि
tāli		 ताल्यौ / ताली¹
tālyau / tālī¹		 ताल्यः / तालीः¹
tālyaḥ / tālīḥ¹
Accusative तालीम्
tālīm		 ताल्यौ / ताली¹
tālyau / tālī¹		 तालीः
tālīḥ
Instrumental ताल्या
tālyā		 तालीभ्याम्
tālībhyām		 तालीभिः
tālībhiḥ
Dative ताल्यै
tālyai		 तालीभ्याम्
tālībhyām		 तालीभ्यः
tālībhyaḥ
Ablative ताल्याः
tālyāḥ		 तालीभ्याम्
tālībhyām		 तालीभ्यः
tālībhyaḥ
Genitive ताल्याः
tālyāḥ		 ताल्योः
tālyoḥ		 तालीनाम्
tālīnām
Locative ताल्याम्
tālyām		 ताल्योः
tālyoḥ		 तालीषु
tālīṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants
  • Assamese: তাল (tal)
  • Hindi: ताल (tāl)
  • → Khmer: តាល (taalaʼ)
  • → Lü: ᦎᦱᧃ (ṫaan)
  • → Northern Thai: ᨲᩣ᩠ᩃ
  • Odia: ତାଳ (taḷô)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਤਾਲ਼ (tāḷ, “meter, beat, rhythm”), ਤਾੜੀ (tāṛī, “clap”)
  • Pali: tāḷa
  • → Tamil: தாளம் (tāḷam)
  • → Thai: ตาล (dtaan)

Etymology 2

Probably from Dravidian; compare Tamil தார் (tār, “garland, chain”). Alternatively, related to ताड (tāḍa) (like Etymology 3).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, n

  1. a lock, bolt
  2. a goldsmith
  3. the throne of Durga
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Etymology 3

Related to ताड (tāḍa, “a blow; noise”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

  1. slapping the hands together or against one's arm; clapping
  2. the flapping of elephant’s ears
  3. a type of dance
  4. a cymbal
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants

Etymology 4

Probably related to Etymology 3.

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

  1. musical time or measure
  2. (prosody) a trochee
  3. a span measured by the thumb and the middle finger
  4. a metre of 4 x 4 long syllables
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालः
tālaḥ		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 तालौ
tālau		 तालान्
tālān
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Etymology 5

Vṛddhi derivative of तल (tala, “bottom”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

  1. the palm of one’s hand
  2. the hilt of a sword
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालः
tālaḥ		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 तालौ
tālau		 तालान्
tālān
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Etymology 6

From ताली (tālī, “a type of ornament”), of Dravidian origin; compare Tamil தாலி (tāli, “neck ornament”), Telugu తాళి (tāḷi, “neck gold”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m or n

  1. an orpiment
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालः
tālaḥ		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 तालौ
tālau		 तालाः / तालासः¹
tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 तालौ
tālau		 तालान्
tālān
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative ताल
tāla		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative तालम्
tālam		 ताले
tāle		 तालानि / ताला¹
tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental तालेन
tālena		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालैः / तालेभिः¹
tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative तालाय
tālāya		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Ablative तालात्
tālāt		 तालाभ्याम्
tālābhyām		 तालेभ्यः
tālebhyaḥ
Genitive तालस्य
tālasya		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालानाम्
tālānām
Locative ताले
tāle		 तालयोः
tālayoḥ		 तालेषु
tāleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References
  • Monier Williams (1899), “ताल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 444-445.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 242-243
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 498
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