घोटक

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬖᭀᬝᬓ (Balinese script)
ঘোটক (Assamese script)
ঘোটক (Bengali script)
𑰑𑰺𑰘𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀖𑁄𑀝𑀓 (Brahmi script)
𑌘𑍋𑌟𑌕 (Grantha script)
ઘોટક (Gujarati script)
ਘੋਟਕ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦓꦺꦴꦛꦏ (Javanese script)
ឃោដក (Khmer script)
ಘೋಟಕ (Kannada script)
ໂຆຏກ (Lao script)
ഘോടക (Malayalam script)
𑘑𑘻𑘘𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠺᠾᠣᠸᠠᢌᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
ᢚᠣᢞᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
ဃောဋက (Burmese script)
𑦱𑧜𑦸𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐑𑑀𑐚𑐎 (Newa script)
ଘୋଟକ (Odia script)
ꢕꣂꢜꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆔𑆾𑆛𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖑𑖺𑖘𑖎 (Siddham script)
ඝෝටක (Sinhalese script)
க⁴ோடக (Tamil script)
ఘోటక (Telugu script)
โฆฏก (Thai script)
གྷོ་ཊ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒒𑒼𑒙𑒏 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

A foreign borrowing; compare Proto-Dravidian *kut-ir-ay, whence Tamil குதிரை (kutirai). However, due to the traditional lack of presence and utility of horses in South and Southeast Asia, ultimate origins from Dravidian and/or Munda are doubtful, and alternative origins have been considered, including from Egyptian.

Noun

घोटक • (ghoṭaka) root form, m (feminine घोटकी or घोटिका)

horse

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घोटक (ghoṭaka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घोटकः ghoṭakaḥ	घोटकौ ghoṭakau	घोटकाः / घोटकासः¹ ghoṭakāḥ / ghoṭakāsaḥ¹
Vocative	घोटक ghoṭaka	घोटकौ ghoṭakau	घोटकाः / घोटकासः¹ ghoṭakāḥ / ghoṭakāsaḥ¹
Accusative	घोटकम् ghoṭakam	घोटकौ ghoṭakau	घोटकान् ghoṭakān
Instrumental	घोटकेन ghoṭakena	घोटकाभ्याम् ghoṭakābhyām	घोटकैः / घोटकेभिः¹ ghoṭakaiḥ / ghoṭakebhiḥ¹
Dative	घोटकाय ghoṭakāya	घोटकाभ्याम् ghoṭakābhyām	घोटकेभ्यः ghoṭakebhyaḥ
Ablative	घोटकात् ghoṭakāt	घोटकाभ्याम् ghoṭakābhyām	घोटकेभ्यः ghoṭakebhyaḥ
Genitive	घोटकस्य ghoṭakasya	घोटकयोः ghoṭakayoḥ	घोटकानाम् ghoṭakānām
Locative	घोटके ghoṭake	घोटकयोः ghoṭakayoḥ	घोटकेषु ghoṭakeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Fiji Hindi: ghorra
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
  - Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)
- Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)
- Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛa)
- Rohingya: gúra
- Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)
- Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)
  - Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)
- Gurjar Apabhramsa:
  - Old Gujarati:
    - Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)
    - Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)
  - Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
  
  Urdu: گھوڑا‎ (ghoṛā)
- Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)
- Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا‎ (ghoṛā)
- Romani: khuro
- Sindhi: گهوڙو‎ / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “घोटक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0379/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 517

Franklin C. Southworth Proto-Dravidian Agriculture, page 024

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