گرد

See also: گرڈ‎ and کرد‎

Central Kurdish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡəɾd/

Noun

گرد (gird)

  1. hill (elevated location)

Khalaj

Noun

گَرد (gərd) (definite accusative گَردی‎, plural گَردلَر‎)

  1. Arabic spelling of gərd (“dust”)

Declension
Declension of Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
singular plural
nominative Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) گردلَر‎
genitive گردۆݧ‎ گردلَریݧ‎
dative گردکه‎ گردلَرکه‎
definite accusative گردۆ‎ گردلَری‎
locative گردچه‎ گردلَرچه‎
ablative گردده‎ گردلَرده‎
instrumental گردله‎ گردلَرله‎
equative گردوارا‎ گردلَروارا‎

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wrd-), [script needed] (wlt- /⁠ward-⁠/, “to turn, twist, writhe”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎫 (vart-), from the Proto-Iranian root *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wart-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).[1][2]

Cognates include Sanskrit वर्त्ति (vártti), वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”), Latin vertere (“to turn”), German werden (“to turn (into), become”), English worth; also Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙-‎ (varət-), Khotanese [script needed] (bal- /⁠baḍ-⁠/, “to move, writhe”), Parthian [script needed] (wrt-), [script needed] (wrd-), Sogdian wrtn.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡiɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? gird
Dari reading? gird
Iranian reading? gerd
Tajik reading? gird

Adjective
Dari Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
Iranian Persian
Tajik гирд

گرد • (gerd)

  1. round, circular
Derived terms
  • گردی‎ (gerdi)
  • گردالی‎ (gerdàli)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gard, “dust”)[3], ultimately from the same root as the verb گَشتَن‎ (gaštan, “to wander around”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡäɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? gard
Dari reading? gard
Iranian reading? gard
Tajik reading? gard

Noun

گرد • (gard)

  1. dust
  2. powder
Descendants
  • → Khalaj: gərd

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gurd, “hero”).[4]

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡuɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? gurd
Dari reading? gurd
Iranian reading? gord
Tajik reading? gurd

Noun

گرد • (gord)

  1. hero

Etymology 4

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭫𐭲‎ (-klt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), from Old Persian [script needed] (-kṛta, “made, done”), from Proto-Iranian *-kr̥táh, from the adjective *kr̥táh (“made, done”) (compare Avestan 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀‎ (kərəta), Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /⁠karta⁠/), Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕‎ (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (compare Sanskrit कृत (kṛtá)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥tós, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Alternative forms

Suffix

گرد • (-gerd or -gard)

  1. Suffix used to form city names.
Derived terms
Persian terms suffixed with گرد

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*u̯art”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 423–425
  2. Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 514
  3. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gard”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 35
  4. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gurd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38
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