ملک

See also: ملك‎

Pashto

Etymology

From Arabic مَلِك‎ (malik, “king”). From Proto-Semitic *malk-. Cognate to Hebrew מֶלֶךְ‎ (mélekh, “king”) and מָלַךְ‎ (malákh, “to rule”), and Aramaic מַלְכָּא‎ (malkā, “king”) and מְלַךְ‎ (m'laḵ, “to rule”).

Noun

ملک • (malik) m (plural ملکان‎ (malikân))

  1. king

Declension
declension of ملک
singular plural
direct ملک‎
(malik)		 ملکان‎
(malikân)
oblique ملک‎
(malik)		 ملکانو‎
(malikâno)
vocative ملکه‎
(malika)		 ملکانو‎
(malikâno)

References
  1. Makkan

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic مَلَك‎ (malak, “angel”).[1]

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? malak
Dari reading? malak
Iranian reading? malak
Tajik reading? malak

Noun

ملک • (malak) (plural ملائک‎ (malâ'ek))

  1.  angel
Derived terms
  • ملک‌الموت‎ (“malak-ol-mowt”)

References
  1. Benzing, Johannes (1983), “mlk”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِك‎ (malik, “king”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [mä.lɪ́k]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [mä.lɪ́k]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [mä.lík]

Readings
Classical reading? malik
Dari reading? malik
Iranian reading? malek
Tajik reading? malik

Noun

ملک • (malek) (plural ملوک‎ (moluk))

  1.  king
Derived terms
  • ملوکانه‎ (molukâne)
  • ملوک‌الطوائفی‎ (moluk-ot-tavâ'efi)
  • ملکی‎ (maleki)
  • ملک‌زاده‎ (malek-zâde)
  • ملکه‎ (maleke)
  • ملکوت‎ (malakut)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic مِلْك‎ (milk, “property, estate”).

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? milk
Dari reading? milk
Iranian reading? melk
Tajik reading? milk

Noun

ملک • (melk) (plural املاک‎ (amlâk))

  1. estate
  2. property
Derived terms
  • ملکدار‎ (melkdâr)
  • ملکی‎ (melki)
  • ملکیت‎ (melkiyat)
  • تملک‎ (tamallok)
  • مالک‎ (mâlek)
  • مملوک‎ (mamluk)

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Arabic مُلْك‎ (mulk, “kingship, royalty, monarchy”).

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? mulk
Dari reading? mulk
Iranian reading? molk
Tajik reading? mulk

Noun

ملک • (molk)

  1. kingship
  2. kingdom
  3. dominion
Derived terms
  • ملکی‎ (molki)
Descendants
  • → Assamese: মুলুক (muluk)
  • → Bengali: মুলুক (muluk)
  • → Gujarati: મુલક (mulak)
  • → Old Hindi: मुलक (mulaka)
  • → Maithili
    Devanagari script: मुलुक (muluk)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒪𑒳𑒏 (muluk)
  • → Marathi: मुलूख (mulūkh)
  • → Marwari: मुलक (mulak)
  • → Nepali: मुलुक (muluk)
  • → Odia: ମୁଲକ (mulôkô)
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਲਕ (mulak)
    Shahmukhi script: مُلَک‎ (mulak)
  • → Sindhi:
    Arabic script: مُلْڪُ‎ (mulku)
    Devanagari script: मुल्कु (mulku)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Hindustani مونگ‎ / मूँग (mūṅg)

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? mulk
Dari reading? mulk
Iranian reading? molk
Tajik reading? mulk

Noun

ملک • (molk)

  1. (Khorasan) a kind of pea

References
  • Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎ (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 125–126 Nr. 366

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ملک‎ (mulk), from Arabic مُلْك‎ (mulk).

Pronunciation

Noun

مُلَک • (mulak) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮੁਲਕ)

  1. country
    Synonym: دیش‎ (deś)

References
  • “مُلک‎”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
  • Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “مُلک‎”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُلْک‎ (mulk), from Arabic مُلْك‎ (mulk). First attested as Old Hindi मुलक (mulaka).

Pronunciation

Noun

مُلْک • (mulk) m (formal plural مَمالِک‎ (mamālik), Hindi spelling मुल्क)

  1. country
    Synonym: دیش‎ (deś)
    ‏نیوزی لینڈ اور برطانیہ بہت خوش حال ممالک ہیں۔‎‎
    New Zealand and Britain are very prosperous countries.
    ‏کئی ملکوں میں مذہب کی آزادی فراہم نہیں ہے۔‎‎
    In some countries, there is no freedom of religion.

Declension
Declension of ملک‎
singular plural
direct مُلْک‎ (mulk) مُلْک‎ (mulk)
oblique مُلْک‎ (mulk) مُلْکوں‎ (mulkō̃)
vocative مُلْک‎ (mulk) مُلْکو‎ (mulkō)

Further reading
  • “ملک”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “ملک”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 606
  • “مُلْک”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Platts, John T. (1884), “ملك”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 1065
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