خان

See also: جان‎

Arabic

خَان

Etymology 1

From Persian ‎ (xân, “caravanserai”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xaːn/

Noun

خَان • (ḵān) m (plural خَانَات‎ (ḵānāt))

hostel, caravanserai, inn

Declension

Declension of noun خَان‎ (ḵān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَان‎ ḵān	الْخَان‎ al-ḵān	خَان‎ ḵān
Nominative	خَانٌ‎ ḵānun	الْخَانُ‎ al-ḵānu	خَانُ‎ ḵānu
Accusative	خَانًا‎ ḵānan	الْخَانَ‎ al-ḵāna	خَانَ‎ ḵāna
Genitive	خَانٍ‎ ḵānin	الْخَانِ‎ al-ḵāni	خَانِ‎ ḵāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَانَيْن‎ ḵānayn	الْخَانَيْن‎ al-ḵānayn	خَانَيْ‎ ḵānay
Nominative	خَانَانِ‎ ḵānāni	الْخَانَانِ‎ al-ḵānāni	خَانَا‎ ḵānā
Accusative	خَانَيْنِ‎ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ‎ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ‎ ḵānay
Genitive	خَانَيْنِ‎ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ‎ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ‎ ḵānay
Plural	sound feminine plural
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَانَات‎ ḵānāt	الْخَانَات‎ al-ḵānāt	خَانَات‎ ḵānāt
Nominative	خَانَاتٌ‎ ḵānātun	الْخَانَاتُ‎ al-ḵānātu	خَانَاتُ‎ ḵānātu
Accusative	خَانَاتٍ‎ ḵānātin	الْخَانَاتِ‎ al-ḵānāti	خَانَاتِ‎ ḵānāti
Genitive	خَانَاتٍ‎ ḵānātin	الْخَانَاتِ‎ al-ḵānāti	خَانَاتِ‎ ḵānāti

Synonyms

مُسَافِرْخَانَة‎ (musāfirḵāna) (Vulgar Arabic)

Derived terms

خَانَة‎ (ḵāna)

Etymology 2

From the root خ و ن‎ (ḵ-w-n).

Verb

خَانَ • (ḵāna) I, non-past يَخُونُ‎‎ (yaḵūnu)

to be disloyal, to be faithless, to be false, to be treacherous, to be perfidious; to act disloyally, to act treacherously, to act perfidiously
to betray
1. to cheat, to dupe, to hoodwink, to deceive, to impose upon, to fool, to deceive, to mislead
2. to forsake, to desert, to let down
3. to fail, to break (a promise, contract)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

خَانَ

(form-I hollow, verbal nouns خَوْن or خِيَانَة or مَخَانَة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					خَوْن‎ or خِيَانَة‎ or مَخَانَة‎ ḵawn or ḵiyāna or maḵāna
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					خَائِن‎ ḵāʔin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَخُون‎ maḵūn
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُنْتُ‎ ḵuntu	خُنْتَ‎ ḵunta	خَانَ‎ ḵāna	خُنْتُمَا‎ ḵuntumā	خَانَا‎ ḵānā	خُنَّا‎ ḵunnā	خُنْتُمْ‎ ḵuntum	خَانُوا‎ ḵānū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُنْتُ‎ ḵuntu	خُنْتِ‎ ḵunti	خَانَتْ‎ ḵānat	خُنْتُمَا‎ ḵuntumā	خَانَتَا‎ ḵānatā	خُنَّا‎ ḵunnā	خُنْتُنَّ‎ ḵuntunna	خُنَّ‎ ḵunna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخُونُ‎ ʔaḵūnu	تَخُونُ‎ taḵūnu	يَخُونُ‎ yaḵūnu	تَخُونَانِ‎ taḵūnāni	يَخُونَانِ‎ yaḵūnāni	نَخُونُ‎ naḵūnu	تَخُونُونَ‎ taḵūnūna	يَخُونُونَ‎ yaḵūnūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَخُونُ‎ ʔaḵūnu	تَخُونِينَ‎ taḵūnīna	تَخُونُ‎ taḵūnu	تَخُونَانِ‎ taḵūnāni	تَخُونَانِ‎ taḵūnāni	نَخُونُ‎ naḵūnu	تَخُنَّ‎ taḵunna	يَخُنَّ‎ yaḵunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخُونَ‎ ʔaḵūna	تَخُونَ‎ taḵūna	يَخُونَ‎ yaḵūna	تَخُونَا‎ taḵūnā	يَخُونَا‎ yaḵūnā	نَخُونَ‎ naḵūna	تَخُونُوا‎ taḵūnū	يَخُونُوا‎ yaḵūnū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَخُونَ‎ ʔaḵūna	تَخُونِي‎ taḵūnī	تَخُونَ‎ taḵūna	تَخُونَا‎ taḵūnā	تَخُونَا‎ taḵūnā	نَخُونَ‎ naḵūna	تَخُنَّ‎ taḵunna	يَخُنَّ‎ yaḵunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخُنْ‎ ʔaḵun	تَخُنْ‎ taḵun	يَخُنْ‎ yaḵun	تَخُونَا‎ taḵūnā	يَخُونَا‎ yaḵūnā	نَخُنْ‎ naḵun	تَخُونُوا‎ taḵūnū	يَخُونُوا‎ yaḵūnū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَخُنْ‎ ʔaḵun	تَخُونِي‎ taḵūnī	تَخُنْ‎ taḵun	تَخُونَا‎ taḵūnā	تَخُونَا‎ taḵūnā	نَخُنْ‎ naḵun	تَخُنَّ‎ taḵunna	يَخُنَّ‎ yaḵunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خُنْ‎ ḵun		خُونَا‎ ḵūnā			خُونُوا‎ ḵūnū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خُونِي‎ ḵūnī		خُونَا‎ ḵūnā			خُنَّ‎ ḵunna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خِنْتُ‎ ḵintu	خِنْتَ‎ ḵinta	خِينَ‎ ḵīna	خِنْتُمَا‎ ḵintumā	خِينَا‎ ḵīnā	خِنَّا‎ ḵinnā	خِنْتُمْ‎ ḵintum	خِينُوا‎ ḵīnū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خِنْتُ‎ ḵintu	خِنْتِ‎ ḵinti	خِينَتْ‎ ḵīnat	خِنْتُمَا‎ ḵintumā	خِينَتَا‎ ḵīnatā	خِنَّا‎ ḵinnā	خِنْتُنَّ‎ ḵintunna	خِنَّ‎ ḵinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَانُ‎ ʔuḵānu	تُخَانُ‎ tuḵānu	يُخَانُ‎ yuḵānu	تُخَانَانِ‎ tuḵānāni	يُخَانَانِ‎ yuḵānāni	نُخَانُ‎ nuḵānu	تُخَانُونَ‎ tuḵānūna	يُخَانُونَ‎ yuḵānūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَانُ‎ ʔuḵānu	تُخَانِينَ‎ tuḵānīna	تُخَانُ‎ tuḵānu	تُخَانَانِ‎ tuḵānāni	تُخَانَانِ‎ tuḵānāni	نُخَانُ‎ nuḵānu	تُخَنَّ‎ tuḵanna	يُخَنَّ‎ yuḵanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَانَ‎ ʔuḵāna	تُخَانَ‎ tuḵāna	يُخَانَ‎ yuḵāna	تُخَانَا‎ tuḵānā	يُخَانَا‎ yuḵānā	نُخَانَ‎ nuḵāna	تُخَانُوا‎ tuḵānū	يُخَانُوا‎ yuḵānū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَانَ‎ ʔuḵāna	تُخَانِي‎ tuḵānī	تُخَانَ‎ tuḵāna	تُخَانَا‎ tuḵānā	تُخَانَا‎ tuḵānā	نُخَانَ‎ nuḵāna	تُخَنَّ‎ tuḵanna	يُخَنَّ‎ yuḵanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَنْ‎ ʔuḵan	تُخَنْ‎ tuḵan	يُخَنْ‎ yuḵan	تُخَانَا‎ tuḵānā	يُخَانَا‎ yuḵānā	نُخَنْ‎ nuḵan	تُخَانُوا‎ tuḵānū	يُخَانُوا‎ yuḵānū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَنْ‎ ʔuḵan	تُخَانِي‎ tuḵānī	تُخَنْ‎ tuḵan	تُخَانَا‎ tuḵānā	تُخَانَا‎ tuḵānā	نُخَنْ‎ nuḵan	تُخَنَّ‎ tuḵanna	يُخَنَّ‎ yuḵanna

Related terms

خَائِن‎ (ḵāʔin)
خَوَّان‎ (ḵawwān)
خَوَّنَ‎ (ḵawwana)
خَؤُون‎ (ḵaʔūn)
خِيَانَة‎ (ḵiyāna)

Etymology 3

From earlier قَان‎ (qān), derived from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰣‎ (qan) a contraction of 𐰴𐰍𐰣‎ (qaɣan); doublet of خَاقَان‎ (ḵāqān) an earlier form, from Middle Persian hʾkʾn' (xāgān), from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣‎ (qaɣan); ultimately of unknown origin, suggested as a borrowing.

Noun

خَان • (ḵān) m (plural خَوَانِين‎ (ḵawānīn))

khan, a ruler in Northern Asia

Declension

Declension of noun خَان‎ (ḵān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَان‎ ḵān	الْخَان‎ al-ḵān	خَان‎ ḵān
Nominative	خَانٌ‎ ḵānun	الْخَانُ‎ al-ḵānu	خَانُ‎ ḵānu
Accusative	خَانًا‎ ḵānan	الْخَانَ‎ al-ḵāna	خَانَ‎ ḵāna
Genitive	خَانٍ‎ ḵānin	الْخَانِ‎ al-ḵāni	خَانِ‎ ḵāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَانَيْن‎ ḵānayn	الْخَانَيْن‎ al-ḵānayn	خَانَيْ‎ ḵānay
Nominative	خَانَانِ‎ ḵānāni	الْخَانَانِ‎ al-ḵānāni	خَانَا‎ ḵānā
Accusative	خَانَيْنِ‎ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ‎ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ‎ ḵānay
Genitive	خَانَيْنِ‎ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ‎ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ‎ ḵānay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَوَانِين‎ ḵawānīn	الْخَوَانِين‎ al-ḵawānīn	خَوَانِين‎ ḵawānīn
Nominative	خَوَانِينُ‎ ḵawānīnu	الْخَوَانِينُ‎ al-ḵawānīnu	خَوَانِينُ‎ ḵawānīnu
Accusative	خَوَانِينَ‎ ḵawānīna	الْخَوَانِينَ‎ al-ḵawānīna	خَوَانِينَ‎ ḵawānīna
Genitive	خَوَانِينَ‎ ḵawānīna	الْخَوَانِينِ‎ al-ḵawānīni	خَوَانِينِ‎ ḵawānīni

Declension of noun خَان‎ (ḵān)

Singular	basic singular diptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	خَان‎ ḵān	—
Nominative	—	خَانُ‎ ḵānu	—
Accusative	—	خَانَ‎ ḵāna	—
Genitive	—	خَانَ‎ ḵāna	—

Bulgar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kiān.

Noun

خان (hān)

blood

References

Tekin, Talat (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası‎, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 16

Ottoman Turkish

خان

خان

Etymology 1

From Persian ‎ (xân, “caravanserai”).

Noun

خان • (han) (plural خانلار‎ (hanlar))

inn, caravanserai

Descendants

Turkish: han
→ Albanian: han
→ Aromanian: háne
→ Bulgarian: хан (han)
→ Greek: χάνι (cháni)
→ Hungarian: hán
→ Romanian: han
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ха̑н

Latin script: hȃn

Etymology 2

Compare Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣‎ (qaɣan), considered to be of non-Turkic Central Asian origin.

Noun

خان • (han)

khan

Descendants

Turkish: han

References

Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007), “817.”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот, put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, →ISBN, page 134
Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876), “خان”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2, Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 402

Persian

Pronunciation


Iranian Persian	خان‎
Dari	خان‎
Tajik	хон

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xɑːn]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɑːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xɑːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xɔːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xɒːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χɔn]

Readings
Classical reading^?	xān
Dari reading^?	xān
Iranian reading^?	xân
Tajik reading^?	xon

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Turkic; first attested in Islamic lands in Karakhanid coinage from the 900s.[1] See Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣‎ (qǧn¹ /⁠qaɣan⁠/) for more.

Noun

خان • (xân) (plural خان‌ها‎ (xân-hâ) or خانات‎ (xânât) or خوانین‎ (xavânin))

Sir, Mister; a title attached after the name of a man, marking politeness and/or social distance.
‏‎‎ ― dâryuš xân ― Mister Daryoosh
(historical) khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:
‏‎‎ ― čengiz xân ― Genghis Khan
1. A Safavid provincial governor ranking between ‎ (beyglarbeygi, “governor-general”) and ‎ (soltân, “deputy governor”).
2. In the Mughal and Qajar empires, an extremely common title used for any nobleman and courtier, even if not of nomadic background.
3. The Ottoman emperor.

Usage notes

As a suffix of politeness, ‎ (âqâ) is more formal and (xân) is more informal. Nowadays, (xân) is sometimes used to express sarcasm, since (âqâ) is more common in actually formal or polite contexts. Otherwise, it can be felt to be dated.

Descendants

→ Gujarati: ખાન (khān), ખાં (khā̃)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़ान (xān)

Urdu: خان‎ (xān)

References

Boyle, J. A. (2012), “K̲h̲ān”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume II‎

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾn' /⁠xān⁠/, “house”).

Noun

خان • (xân) (plural خان‌ها‎ (xân-hâ))

caravanserai
rifling (system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon)
(archaic) Alternative form of ‎ (xâne, “house”).

Descendants

→ Arabic: خَان‎ (ḵān)
→ Ottoman Turkish: خان‎ (han)
- Turkish: han
- → Albanian: han
- → Aromanian: háne
- → Bulgarian: хан (han)
- → Greek: χάνι (cháni)
- → Hungarian: hán
- → Romanian: han
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ха̑н
  Latin script: hȃn

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “xān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 93

Punjabi

Proper noun

خان • (xān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ਾਨ)

a surname, Khan

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (xān).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xɑːn/

Noun

خان • (xān) m (Hindi spelling ख़ान) (plural خوانین‎ (xavānīn))

the surname Khan
khan

Uyghur

Noun

خان • (xan) (plural خانلار‎ (xanlar))

khan

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[1] Boyle, J. A. (2012), “K̲h̲ān”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume II‎