θύω

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰy̌ː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtʰy.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈθy.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈθy.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈθi.o/

Etymology 1

Unclear, but may be related to θῡμός (thūmós), Latin suffiō, Hittite [script needed] (tuhhae, “pant, sigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to fume; smoke, vapor, breath”), or alternatively from *dʰews- (“to breathe; breath, spirit, living being”).

Verb

θῡ́ω • (thū́ō) first-singular present indicative

to offer in sacrifice, slay, burn, immolate
to kill, slaughter (in a general sense)
(middle voice) to cause to be sacrificed
to consult (of oracles, prophets, etc)
to celebrate

Inflection

Present: θῡ́ω, θῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	θῡ́ω	θῡ́εις	θῡ́ει	θῡ́ετον	θῡ́ετον	θῡ́ομεν	θῡ́ετε	θῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	θῡ́ω	θῡ́ῃς	θῡ́ῃ	θῡ́ητον	θῡ́ητον	θῡ́ωμεν	θῡ́ητε	θῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	θῡ́οιμῐ	θῡ́οις	θῡ́οι	θῡ́οιτον	θῡοίτην	θῡ́οιμεν	θῡ́οιτε	θῡ́οιεν
	imperative		θῦε	θῡέτω	θῡ́ετον	θῡέτων		θῡ́ετε	θῡόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	θῡ́ομαι	θῡ́ῃ, θῡ́ει	θῡ́εται	θῡ́εσθον	θῡ́εσθον	θῡόμεθᾰ	θῡ́εσθε	θῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	θῡ́ωμαι	θῡ́ῃ	θῡ́ηται	θῡ́ησθον	θῡ́ησθον	θῡώμεθᾰ	θῡ́ησθε	θῡ́ωνται
	optative	θῡοίμην	θῡ́οιο	θῡ́οιτο	θῡ́οισθον	θῡοίσθην	θῡοίμεθᾰ	θῡ́οισθε	θῡ́οιντο
	imperative		θῡ́ου	θῡέσθω	θῡ́εσθον	θῡέσθων		θῡ́εσθε	θῡέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		θῡ́ειν				θῡ́εσθαι
participle	m	θῡ́ων				θῡόμενος
	f	θῡ́ουσᾰ				θῡομένη
	n	θῦον				θῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔθῡον, ἐθῡόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔθῡον	ἔθῡες	ἔθῡε(ν)	ἐθῡ́ετον	ἐθῡέτην	ἐθῡ́ομεν	ἐθῡ́ετε	ἔθῡον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐθῡόμην	ἐθῡ́ου	ἐθῡ́ετο	ἐθῡ́εσθον	ἐθῡέσθην	ἐθῡόμεθᾰ	ἐθῡ́εσθε	ἐθῡ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: θῡ́σω, θῡ́σομαι, τῠθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	θῡ́σω	θῡ́σεις	θῡ́σει	θῡ́σετον	θῡ́σετον	θῡ́σομεν	θῡ́σετε	θῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	θῡ́σοιμῐ	θῡ́σοις	θῡ́σοι	θῡ́σοιτον	θῡσοίτην	θῡ́σοιμεν	θῡ́σοιτε	θῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	θῡ́σομαι	θῡ́σῃ, θῡ́σει	θῡ́σεται	θῡ́σεσθον	θῡ́σεσθον	θῡσόμεθᾰ	θῡ́σεσθε	θῡ́σονται
middle	optative	θῡσοίμην	θῡ́σοιο	θῡ́σοιτο	θῡ́σοισθον	θῡσοίσθην	θῡσοίμεθᾰ	θῡ́σοισθε	θῡ́σοιντο
passive	indicative	τῠθήσομαι	τῠθήσῃ	τῠθήσεται	τῠθήσεσθον	τῠθήσεσθον	τῠθησόμεθᾰ	τῠθήσεσθε	τῠθήσονται
passive	optative	τῠθησοίμην	τῠθήσοιο	τῠθήσοιτο	τῠθήσοισθον	τῠθησοίσθην	τῠθησοίμεθᾰ	τῠθήσοισθε	τῠθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		θῡ́σειν			θῡ́σεσθαι		τῠθήσεσθαι
participle	m	θῡ́σων			θῡσόμενος		τῠθησόμενος
	f	θῡ́σουσᾰ			θῡσομένη		τῠθησομένη
	n	θῦσον			θῡσόμενον		τῠθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔθῡσᾰ, ἐθῡσᾰ́μην, ἐτῡ́θην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔθῡσᾰ	ἔθῡσᾰς	ἔθῡσε(ν)	ἐθῡ́σᾰτον	ἐθῡσᾰ́την	ἐθῡ́σᾰμεν	ἐθῡ́σᾰτε	ἔθῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	θῡ́σω	θῡ́σῃς	θῡ́σῃ	θῡ́σητον	θῡ́σητον	θῡ́σωμεν	θῡ́σητε	θῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	θῡ́σαιμῐ	θῡ́σειᾰς, θῡ́σαις	θῡ́σειε(ν), θῡ́σαι	θῡ́σαιτον	θῡσαίτην	θῡ́σαιμεν	θῡ́σαιτε	θῡ́σειᾰν, θῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		θῦσον	θῡσᾰ́τω	θῡ́σᾰτον	θῡσᾰ́των		θῡ́σᾰτε	θῡσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐθῡσᾰ́μην	ἐθῡ́σω	ἐθῡ́σᾰτο	ἐθῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐθῡσᾰ́σθην	ἐθῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐθῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐθῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	θῡ́σωμαι	θῡ́σῃ	θῡ́σηται	θῡ́σησθον	θῡ́σησθον	θῡσώμεθᾰ	θῡ́σησθε	θῡ́σωνται
	optative	θῡσαίμην	θῡ́σαιο	θῡ́σαιτο	θῡ́σαισθον	θῡσαίσθην	θῡσαίμεθᾰ	θῡ́σαισθε	θῡ́σαιντο
	imperative		θῦσαι	θῡσᾰ́σθω	θῡ́σᾰσθον	θῡσᾰ́σθων		θῡ́σᾰσθε	θῡσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐτῡ́θην	ἐτῡ́θης	ἐτῡ́θη	ἐτῡ́θητον	ἐτῡθήτην	ἐτῡ́θημεν	ἐτῡ́θητε	ἐτῡ́θησᾰν
	subjunctive	τῡθῶ	τῡθῇς	τῡθῇ	τῡθῆτον	τῡθῆτον	τῡθῶμεν	τῡθῆτε	τῡθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	τῡθείην	τῡθείης	τῡθείη	τῡθεῖτον, τῡθείητον	τῡθείτην, τῡθειήτην	τῡθεῖμεν, τῡθείημεν	τῡθεῖτε, τῡθείητε	τῡθεῖεν, τῡθείησᾰν
	imperative		τῡ́θητῐ	τῡθήτω	τῡ́θητον	τῡθήτων		τῡ́θητε	τῡθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		θῦσαι			θῡ́σᾰσθαι		τῡθῆναι
participle	m	θῡ́σᾱς			θῡσᾰ́μενος		τῡθείς
	f	θῡ́σᾱσᾰ			θῡσᾰμένη		τῡθεῖσᾰ
	n	θῦσᾰν			θῡσᾰ́μενον		τῡθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: τέθῠκᾰ, τέθῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τέθῠκᾰ	τέθῠκᾰς	τέθῠκε(ν)	τεθῠ́κᾰτον	τεθῠ́κᾰτον	τεθῠ́κᾰμεν	τεθῠ́κᾰτε	τεθῠ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	τεθῠ́κω	τεθῠ́κῃς	τεθῠ́κῃ	τεθῠ́κητον	τεθῠ́κητον	τεθῠ́κωμεν	τεθῠ́κητε	τεθῠ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	τεθῠ́κοιμῐ, τεθῠκοίην	τεθῠ́κοις, τεθῠκοίης	τεθῠ́κοι, τεθῠκοίη	τεθῠ́κοιτον	τεθῠκοίτην	τεθῠ́κοιμεν	τεθῠ́κοιτε	τεθῠ́κοιεν
	imperative		τέθῠκε	τεθῠκέτω	τεθῠ́κετον	τεθῠκέτων		τεθῠ́κετε	τεθῠκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	τέθῠμαι	τέθῠσαι	τέθῠται	τέθῠσθον	τέθῠσθον	τεθῠ́μεθᾰ	τέθῠσθε	τέθῠνται
	subjunctive	τεθῠμένος ὦ	τεθῠμένος ᾖς	τεθῠμένος ᾖ	τεθῠμένω ἦτον	τεθῠμένω ἦτον	τεθῠμένοι ὦμεν	τεθῠμένοι ἦτε	τεθῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	τεθῠμένος εἴην	τεθῠμένος εἴης	τεθῠμένος εἴη	τεθῠμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	τεθῠμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	τεθῠμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	τεθῠμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	τεθῠμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		τέθῠσο	τεθῠ́σθω	τέθῠσθον	τεθῠ́σθων		τέθῠσθε	τεθῠ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		τεθῠκέναι				τεθῠ́σθαι
participle	m	τεθῠκώς				τεθῠμένος
	f	τεθῠκυῖᾰ				τεθῠμένη
	n	τεθῠκός				τεθῠμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐτεθῠ́κειν, ἐτεθῠ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐτεθῠ́κειν, ἐτεθῠ́κη	ἐτεθῠ́κεις, ἐτεθῠ́κης	ἐτεθῠ́κει(ν)	ἐτεθῠ́κετον	ἐτεθῠκέτην	ἐτεθῠ́κεμεν	ἐτεθῠ́κετε	ἐτεθῠ́κεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐτεθῠ́μην	ἐτέθῠσο	ἐτέθῠτο	ἐτέθῠσθον	ἐτεθῠ́σθην	ἐτεθῠ́μεθᾰ	ἐτέθῠσθε	ἐτέθῠντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

θυτήρ (thutḗr)
ἄθυτος (áthutos)

References

“θύω (A)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
G2380 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

Unclear. Compare Latin furō. May be related to Etymology 1.

Alternative forms

θύνω (thúnō)
θυνέω (thunéō)

Verb

θύω • (thúō) first-singular present indicative

to rush in, storm, rage, seethe (in general of violent movements)

Inflection

Present: θῡ́ω, θῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	θῡ́ω	θῡ́εις	θῡ́ει	θῡ́ετον	θῡ́ετον	θῡ́ομεν	θῡ́ετε	θῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	θῡ́ω	θῡ́ῃς	θῡ́ῃ	θῡ́ητον	θῡ́ητον	θῡ́ωμεν	θῡ́ητε	θῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	θῡ́οιμῐ	θῡ́οις	θῡ́οι	θῡ́οιτον	θῡοίτην	θῡ́οιμεν	θῡ́οιτε	θῡ́οιεν
	imperative		θῦε	θῡέτω	θῡ́ετον	θῡέτων		θῡ́ετε	θῡόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	θῡ́ομαι	θῡ́ῃ, θῡ́ει	θῡ́εται	θῡ́εσθον	θῡ́εσθον	θῡόμεθᾰ	θῡ́εσθε	θῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	θῡ́ωμαι	θῡ́ῃ	θῡ́ηται	θῡ́ησθον	θῡ́ησθον	θῡώμεθᾰ	θῡ́ησθε	θῡ́ωνται
	optative	θῡοίμην	θῡ́οιο	θῡ́οιτο	θῡ́οισθον	θῡοίσθην	θῡοίμεθᾰ	θῡ́οισθε	θῡ́οιντο
	imperative		θῡ́ου	θῡέσθω	θῡ́εσθον	θῡέσθων		θῡ́εσθε	θῡέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		θῡ́ειν				θῡ́εσθαι
participle	m	θῡ́ων				θῡόμενος
	f	θῡ́ουσᾰ				θῡομένη
	n	θῦον				θῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔθῡον, ἐθῡόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔθῡον	ἔθῡες	ἔθῡε(ν)	ἐθῡ́ετον	ἐθῡέτην	ἐθῡ́ομεν	ἐθῡ́ετε	ἔθῡον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐθῡόμην	ἐθῡ́ου	ἐθῡ́ετο	ἐθῡ́εσθον	ἐθῡέσθην	ἐθῡόμεθᾰ	ἐθῡ́εσθε	ἐθῡ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔθῡσᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔθῡσᾰ	ἔθῡσᾰς	ἔθῡσε(ν)	ἐθῡ́σᾰτον	ἐθῡσᾰ́την	ἐθῡ́σᾰμεν	ἐθῡ́σᾰτε	ἔθῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	θῡ́σω	θῡ́σῃς	θῡ́σῃ	θῡ́σητον	θῡ́σητον	θῡ́σωμεν	θῡ́σητε	θῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	θῡ́σαιμῐ	θῡ́σειᾰς, θῡ́σαις	θῡ́σειε(ν), θῡ́σαι	θῡ́σαιτον	θῡσαίτην	θῡ́σαιμεν	θῡ́σαιτε	θῡ́σειᾰν, θῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		θῦσον	θῡσᾰ́τω	θῡ́σᾰτον	θῡσᾰ́των		θῡ́σᾰτε	θῡσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		θῦσαι
participle	m	θῡ́σᾱς
	f	θῡ́σᾱσᾰ
	n	θῦσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

θύελλα (thúella)

References

“θύω (B)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“θύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“θύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
θύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“θύω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2380 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

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