éicen
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ankenā (“force, necessity”), whence also Welsh angen, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”), Old Armenian անքատ (ankʿat, “necessitous”), Tocharian B eṅk- (“take control of”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈeːɡʲen]
Noun
éicen f (genitive éicne)
- force, necessity
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14d3
- cid écen aisndís do neuch as doruid co léir, ní sechmalfaider cuimre and dano
- though it is necessary (lit. “though it is a necessity”) to explain carefully anything that is difficult, however brevity will not be passed by
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 207b11
- Cit comṡuidigthi la Grécu ní écen dúnni beta comṡuidigthi linn.
- Although they are compounds in Greek (lit. “with the Greeks”), it is not necessary (lit. “it is not a necessity”) for us that they be compounds in our language (lit. “with us”).
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14d3
Declension
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | unchanged | n-éicen |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “éicen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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